Pfrank 82

The main area of study for this research is the enabling of users such as engineers to model the problems they encounter in manufacturing and design. However the wider aim is to prototype research for enabling a much larger range of software users to model their problems. The intention is to create collaborative tools that allow users to develop software in a way they will be familiar with from their use of spreadsheets. Sternemann and Zelm (1999) explained that even then it had become necessary to research collaborative modelling and visualization tools, because of the business trend towards global markets and decentralised organisation structures. To achieve this, Semantic Web tools would be used that represent the information to be shared in an open standard way. Cheung et al (2007) explain the necessity for collaboration tools to support early stage product development within networked enterprises. The system should consist of applications to be combined in order to represent a layered architecture of:-

Database - ontology engine - ontology visualizer - calculation engine - inputs visualizer - results visualizer

The aim is to ensure ease of development and use of the software system by using applications that operate at one or more levels in a conceptual hierarchy, while still being able to communicate with the layers above and below in the hierarchy, and with other applications. McGuinness (2003) writes about how ease of use via conceptual modelling support and graphical browsing tools is essential if systems are to be usable for mainstream use. To facilitate this, open standard tools are used and communication tested within the overall system. The communication mechanism should be invisible to the end user who cannot be expected to consider such matters. This communication would involve large amounts of related information being translated and passed on in its entirety rather than just individual objects or messages. The intention for this main prototype is to facilitate full communication between software applications and so make it easier for engineers and others to collaborate and co-ordinate their product design and manufacture.

This system would manage software to be used in the following areas - Knowledge Management, Decision support, and Simulation. The system will provide automated translation from a model provided by the user, or by other systems into the software, ontology, and database representation. Any required calculations would then be made and translated to provide a model that can be interpreted by users. Johnson (2004) explains that successful interaction requires mapping between levels of abstractions and that translation between the levels of abstraction required by users and computers is difficult. He explains that this problem often means systems are created that make the user cope with the problems of this mis-translation. The research is intended to solve this problem by giving users more involvement in the translation process by letting them interactively model the problem themselves until they are satisfied with the solution. This allows the user to establish "common ground" with the computer, an expression used by Johnson. Nurminen et al (2003) evaluate a system called NICAD that used calculation rules in this manner. Nurminen et al emphasize that successful expert systems have in common that they put user needs at the centre of a fast and agile development process. The authors explain that users prefer usability over automation, and that users should drive the more difficult tasks where they are needed and leave routine tasks to the system. As well as translating between the user and computer systems it is necessary to provide translations between different computer systems. Ciocoiu et al (2000) make the point that as it becomes necessary to translate between more systems the number of paths for the translation increases exponentially. To improve interoperability it is therefore necessary to provide either a translator or multiple translators, and the translators would be based on taxonomies or ontologies.

The basis of this research is an ontology that can be visualized and edited in tree form. Gruber (1993a) defines and ontology - "An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization. The term is borrowed from philosophy, where an Ontology is a systematic account of existence. For AI systems, what 'exists' is that which can be represented." Gruber goes on to explain design criteria for ontologies. Fensel et al (2001) explain Grubers' ontology definition. They explain that conceptualization refers to an abstract model of a phenomenon in the real world which identifies its relevant concepts. Explicit means the types of concepts and the constraints are explicitly defined. Fensel et al cite another Gruber paper where Gruber (1993b) defines the ontology as a formal explicit specification, and explains that formal means the ontology should be machine understandable. Cheung et al (2005) cite Davies et al (2002) in explaining that ontologies "provide a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and application systems". McGuinness (2003) explains with the aid of a diagram the level of definition in ontologies, from purely human readable to machine readable. A similar diagram with more specific computing technologies is included in Uscholds' presentation (2006) and his paper of 2003 which shows a continuum

Implicit - Informal (explicit) - Formal (for humans) - Formal (for machines)

Uschold states that "there is nothing inherently good about being further along the semantic continuum.
In some cases there will be advantages; in other cases there will not. What is good is what works." In my research I have tended to move from left to right towards more formal representations but only as necessary to ensure the modelling approach works. Horrocks (2002) explains that "An ontology typically consists of a hierarchical description of important concepts in a domain, along with descriptions of the properties of each concept. The degree of formality employed in capturing these descriptions can be quite variable, ranging from natural language to logical formalisms, but increased formality and regularity clearly facilitates machine understanding."

The ontology created in Protégé for this research has formal definitions of is-a relationships, and formal instances. Therefore it is much more machine readable than those at the human readable only end of the ontology scale. In fact it is tested as machine readable by the automated conversion process from the Protégé representation to the decision support modelling system used for calculations. The decision support system can be made to read hierarchical trees from Protégé and it can split or combine these trees or branches as needed for the model being used, and in response to decisions made by the user. Logical constraints are informal and failures are caught by the modelling tool which will flag any illogical expressions. It would be better to represent such logical constraints in the ontology also, as is done in the most rigorous machine readable ontologies, this was not finished due to time constraints and because it was not necessary for validation of the concept.

In this research I attempt to take a problem, break it down into sub parts that can be represented by a number or equation, and then allow the user to see and interact with the whole solution as applicable to this persons' defined problem. Gruber examines how equations and quantities can be represented in an ontology. To achieve this I have investigated and/or created tools to allow visualization and interaction with models. This approach has also been taken by Crapo et al (2002) who explain "Models are artefacts used to understand our world. As such they are embedded in intelligent systems as representations of knowledge. In the context of mining data to create knowledge, the modeler is often faced with discovering and understanding relationships in data that have no apparent analog in the laws of physical science. Sketches and diagrams as aids in problem solving and as a means of communication are as old as recorded history. The question now is: Can visualization help us not only to discover the patterns and relationships in these data but also to use newly discovered knowledge to build computational models." Eng and Salustri (2006) discuss the role of computers in aiding decision making, and explain that human mind is the best tool for making decisions. They explain that visualization systems must help the user use the information access capabilities of computers. So the task is to enable the creation and sharing of these visualizations in all ways that can aid in the understanding of the problems to be modelled.

Cheung et al (2005) explain that ontologies until recently have been predominately applied in the medical informatics field. Linking ontologies with modelling tools will also make ontologies very useful, in engineering and science, and mathematics whenever calculations are required. The open standard Stanford University (2007) ontology management tool Protégé has been used for this purpose, although there are other ontology tools that could have been used. This ontology can be translated into a Decision Support tool called Vanguard Studio. Vanguard (2007) are creating a modelling network where universities can share decision support models over a network.

Meta Programming, ontologies, and the Semantic Web

Uschold (2003) defines the Semantic Web as being machine usable and associated with more meaning. Semantic web technologies and the use of agents and ontologies are explained by Hendler (2001), Horrocks (2002), and Uschold (2003) who explains that "In order to carry out their required tasks, intelligent agents must communicate and understand meaning". Horrocks explain the use of meta-data annotations and how they can make resources accessible to agents. Meta programming is the writing of programs that write or manipulate other programs (or themselves) as their data. The idea behind the use of this technique is that instead of writing programs to do a task a domain expert needs the program for, the meta program developer creates an environment which all domain experts, in this and similar fields, can use to create their own solutions. The developer then only needs to maintain and improve this programming environment, and can concentrate on this task; the domain expert can concentrate on solving the problem at hand without having to ask the developer to create the code on his or her behalf. This can prevent problems of misunderstanding, delay, and expense that often result from communication of difficult concepts between people who are experts in different areas (domain expert and programming expert).

Meta programming is writing of programs by other programs. The purpose of this is to provide a cascading series of layers that translate a relatively easy to use visual representation of a problem to be modelled, into code that can be run by present day compilers and interpreters. This is to make it easier for computer literate non-programmers to specify instructions to a computer, without learning and writing code in computer languages. To achieve this, any layer of software or information must be able to read the code or the information represented in any other. Code and information are only separated out as a matter of design choice to aid human comprehension, they can be represented in the same way using the same kinds of open standard languages. Meta-programming can be used as a tool to produce software for linking ontologies, Semantic Web, modelling, and visualization.

References

Cheung, W. M., Maropoulos, P. G., Gao, J. X., Aziz, H., 2005. Ontological Approach for Organisational Knowledge Re-use in Product Developing Environments. In: 11th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising - ICE 2005, University BW Munich, Germany.

Cheung, W. M., Matthews, P. C., Gao, J. X., Maropoulos, P. G., 2007. Advanced product development integration architecture: an out-of-box solution to support distributed production networks. International Journal of Production Research March 2007.

Ciocoiu, M., Gruninger, M., Nau, D. S., 2000. Ontologies for Integrating Engineering Applications. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 1(1) pp 12-22.

Crapo, A. W., Waisel, L. B., Wallace, W. A., Willemain, T. R., 2002. Visualization and Modelling for Intelligent Systems. In: C. T. Leondes, ed. Intelligent Systems: Technology and Applications, Volume I Implementation Techniques, 2002 pp 53-85.

Eng, N., Salustri, F. A., 2006. "Rugplot" Visualization for Preliminary Design. In: CDEN 2006 3rd CDEN/RCCI International Design Conference University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Fensel, D. Van Harmelen, F. Horrocks, I. McGuinness, D. Patel-Schneider, P. F., 2001. OIL: An ontology infrastructure for the semantic web. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 16(2), pp 38-45.

Gruber, T. R. 1993. Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing. In: N. Guarino and R. Poli, ed. Formal Ontology in conceptual Analysis and Knowledge Representation. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Gruber, T.R. 1993. A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications, Knowledge Acquisition, vol 5 pp 199-220.

Hendler, J., 2001. Agents and the Semantic Web. IEEE Intelligent Systems Journal.

Horrocks, I., 2002. DAML+OIL: a Reason-able Web Ontology Language. In: proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT 2002) March 24-28 2002, Prague.

Johnson, P., 2004. Interactions, Collaborations and breakdowns. In: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series; Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Task models and diagrams Vol 86
Prague, Czech Republic.

McGuinness D. L., 2003. Ontologies Come of Age. In: Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, ed. Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. MIT Press, 2003.

Nurminen, J. K., Karaonen, O., Hatonen, K., 2003. What makes expert systems survive over 10 years-empirical evaluation of several engineering applications. Expert Systems with Applications 24(2) pp 199-211.

Stanford University, 2007. Welcome to protégé http://protege.stanford.edu/

Sternemann, K. H., Zelm, M., 1999. Context sensitive provision and visualisation of enterprise information with a hypermedia based system, Computers in Industry Vol 40 (2) pp 173-184.

Uschold, M., 2003. Where are the semantics in the semantic web? AI Magazine Vol 24 (3) pp 25-36.

Vanguard Studio, 2007. Vanguard Studio http://www.vanguardsw.com/products/vanguard-studio/

This research involves using Semantic Web technologies to enable end user programming. This technology is applicable to any problem that involves user interaction, so can be applied in industries and home use for any task or subject area.

The work involves allowing non-programmers to model complex problems visually and without having to use programming languages. Information is created in a visual tree using an Ontology editor, the information is then transformed, and all calculations performed. Further transformations can be performed into any programming language or open standard information representation language, and this can be displayed on the web. This approach can be described as 'pipelining', which is explained by Gropp (2003) using the example of a project to convert Geography Markup Language (GML) to Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG). SVG is explained by McKeown and Grimson (2000). Pipelining is also core to XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and XForms technologies (Bruchez, 2006), which are explained in this thesis. Pipelines are important for translation and Meta Programming techniques I use as they apply one program to the results of another. Also transformations can be performed between a tree representation and other styles of representation e.g. an interactive CAD style representation, using SVG. A major theme of the research is that of prototyping solutions to the problems raised, using web and other software technologies. These are then referenced from the thesis document to illustrate the solutions discussed.

The additional advantage is that of displaying the expressions in the appropriate context. Crapo et al (2002) explain that visualization helps the modeller to maintain a hierarchy of submodels at different stages of development and to navigate effectively between them, this is my reason for breaking down the models into a tree structure.

Semantic Web research has been developed from the work of Tim Berners-Lee (1997). Uschold (2003) defines the Semantic Web as being machine usable and associated with more meaning. Semantic web technologies and the use of agents and ontologies are explained by Hendler (2001) and Uschold who explains that "In order to carry out their required tasks, intelligent agents must communicate and understand meaning".

Meta programming is the writing of programs that write or manipulate other programs (or themselves) as their data. The idea behind this technique is that instead of writing programs to do a task a person needs the program for, the meta program developer creates an environment which all domain experts, in this and similar fields, can use to create their own solutions. The developer then only needs to maintain and improve this programming environment, and can concentrate on this task; the domain expert can concentrate on solving the problem at hand without having to ask the developer to create the code on his or her behalf. This can prevent problems of misunderstanding, delay, and expense that often result from communication of difficult concepts between people who are experts in different areas (domain expert and programming expert).

References

Berners-Lee, T., Fischetti, M., 1997. Weaving the Web. Harper San Francisco; Paperback: ISBN:006251587X

Bruchez, E, 2006. XForms: an Alternative to Ajax?. In: XTech 2006: Building Web 2.0 16-19 May 2006, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Crapo, A. W., Waisel, L. B., Wallace, W. A., Willemain, T. R., 2002. Visualization and Modelling for Intelligent Systems. In: C. T. Leondes, ed. Intelligent Systems: Technology and Applications, Volume I Implementation Techniques, 2002 pp 53-85.

Gropp, E., 2003. Accelerating SVG Transformations with Pipelines. In: SVG Open 2003 - Conference and Exhibition 2nd Annual Conference on Scalable Vector Graphics - Vancouver, Canada.

Hendler, J., 2001. Agents and the Semantic Web. IEEE Intelligent Systems Journal.

McKeown, J., Grimson, J., 2000. SVG: putting XML in the picture In: XML Europe 2000 Paris France.

Uschold, M., 2003. Where are the semantics in the semantic web? AI Magazine Vol 24 (3) pp 25-36.

In Western Chicago suburbs, due to rapid growth, newly relocated businesses need help in mid-market ERP implementation, migration, version upgrade, customization. Microsoft Dynamics GP provides broad MRP functionality: financials, distributions, manufacturing & assembly, integration with MS CRM and Microsoft RMS, EDI interface to your vendors, and others. We would like to show you some industry highlights in this small article:

• Freight Forwarding. Agent Settlement report is typically implemented on the base of customer/vendor consolidation module: you can consolidation agent AR and AP documents. In order to implement CV consolidation, you need to have GP professional license

• Distribution & Logistics. This industry typically has additional customization needs, especially in barcode printing, automatic PO Receiving. Custom logic might be needed in lot numbers automatic creation and lots transfer between inventory sites

• Light Manufacturing & Assembly. Being large US Nationwide distribution hub, Chicago ERP market has high demand on customized bill of materials processes, being implemented in mid-market ERP application, such as Microsoft Great Plains

• Microsoft Dynamics GP Technology highlights. Microsoft Dexterity (however not being often emphasized) is the core of GP workstation. Such new technologies as eConnect provide you alternatives to Dex when you need GP integration and customization and willing to do so in Microsoft Visual Studio.Net C# or VB. Such traditional tools as VBA/Modifier, Integration Manager are still in use, however Modifier is Dex extension and VBA seems to be going to legacy scripting as Microsoft is advancing in .Net and COM+. Integration Manager is under the process to be moved to eConnect platform – eConnect has so-called runtime version, which should allow IM as well as ISV third party custom modules to be easily installed and integrated to GP with eConnect snap-in

If you suspect that your PC has been infected by malware (virus, Trojan, adware, spyware, etc.), one of your first stops should be at a web site that allows you to download a free antivirus package.

Many companies offer free programs that are cut-down versions of their commercial products. Some programs are also available as freeware or Open Source. In general, these antivirus programs are free for non-commercial use only. This means that the program can only be used at home or college and is for your personal use only. If you use the program at work, or install it on more than one computer system at a time, you are usually required to pay for it.

Some companies ask you to register the software before using it. Registration is often required if you want to be able to update the program via the Internet. Although it might be a little inconvenient, registration costs nothing and helps software developers continue to let people use their programs for free.

Although antivirus programs may offer lots of different features, most work in basically the same way. When the program first starts, there is a short delay while it checks the computer's memory and other locations for signs of virus infection. Next, the program will usually attempt to update its internal database of virus information via the Internet. The amount of time this takes will vary according to the speed of your Internet connection but shouldn't take more than a minute of two. Once any updates have been downloaded, the program will then carry out a full scan of your machine. This can take a long time, so be prepared to wait patiently or, better still, go and grab a coffee!

When the scan is complete, a list of infected files will be displayed, together with details of the viruses found. You can then choose how to deal with each virus. Typical options include repairing infected files, deleting them or placing them in quarantine. Repairing a file involves removing the virus and restoring the file to its previous condition. No data will be lost and the file can be used as normal. If a file can not be repaired, sometimes the only option is to delete it. Once deleted, the file can not be recovered and any data it contained will be lost forever. If an infected file can not be repaired, it can sometimes be placed in quarantine until such time as a way of removing the virus is found. Although the file is not deleted, it will not be possible to use it until it can be repaired. Quarantined files can remain inaccessible for weeks, months or even years. Sometimes, it becomes clear that it will never be possible to repair a quarantined file, leaving no choice but to delete it.

If an antivirus program fails to detect any viruses, this does not necessarily mean that the computer is "clean". It may simply be that the particular program you are using is unable to identify certain viruses. Similarly, while one program may fail to repair files infected by a particular virus, another may be more successful. For this reason, it is always a good idea to check your computer with two or more antivirus programs if you suspect a virus infection. Under normal circumstances only one package needs to be installed permanently.

As mentioned earlier, all of the programs listed here can be used completely free of charge. In addition, all are offered by companies with good reputations in the field. Please remember that there will be many occasions when free antivirus scanners are not convenient or appropriate.

Since direct links are not allowed in articles of this kind, copy and paste the addresses given below into your browser.

Comodo Antivirus

(http://www.antivirus.comodo.com)

BitDefender Free Edition

(http://www.bitdefender.com/site/Main/view/Download-Free-Products.html?menu_id=2)

PC Tools AntiVirus Free Edition

(http://www.pctools.com/free-antivirus)

AVG Free Edition

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ClamWin

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avast! 4 Home Edition

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Avira AntiVir PersonalEdition Classic

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The 2% regulation is a powerful tool in Forex trading. By adopting this regulation you’re using a strategy that lessenings the size of your losings during losing streaks, an of import consideration. There is, however one small caution that you need to be aware of when using the 2% regulation to cipher how many Forex shares you are going to buy. As you know, the number of shares you can purchase is determined by your upper limit loss and the size of your stop. This agency that by increasing your risk, you can also increase the dollar value of the place you open. By simply shrinking your halt size, that is by setting a tighter halt loss, you can increase the dollar value of the place you open.

To avoid a state of affairs where you could stop up with excessively large places that may set your Forex trading float at risk, you can take to present an extra rule. This regulation would restrict the dollar value of a place to be no more than than than a set percentage of your full Forex trading float.

For example, you might make up one's mind that you’ll never unfastened a place that have a dollar value of more than 25% of your full Forex trading float. This regulation would only be executed if, after calculating the expression that determines how many shares you buy, you happen the dollar value of that place would greater than 25% of your float. If this happened, you would scale down the place to do certain it did not transcend that 25%.

The percentage that you make up one's mind upon volition depend on the type of system you’re trading, the size of your float, and your personal tolerance for risk. Generally, smaller Forex trading drifts might utilize 25%, and larger Forex trading drifts might utilize as small as 10% Oregon even 5%. There are no unequivocal numbers, and the percentage that you take will depend on your personal circumstances.

Once this inclination is corrected for you will have got all your money management regulations in place, ready to command your hazard in the Forex market. Now you need to take the adjacent step. Diagnostic Test your system to happen out which of the variables best lawsuit you, remembering always that place sizing is the most important portion of any system design. It is the anchor of money management. Once you’ve tested your system, and fine-tuned your rules, you will be well on your manner to becoming a successful Forex trader.

No matter what your ground is for picking a stock; a trend, technical analysis of charts, or company fundamentals, there are some cardinal online stock trading inquiries you must reply before making a trade. Answering these inquiries should be an built-in portion of your determination making process, and should happen on every trade you ever make. The inquiry that I am going to discourse in this article is almost self-explanatory. As a trader, you have got to inquire yourself, is there a compelling ground to believe this trade will work?

Before purchasing any stock, you must be able to joint a solid ground why you believe the stock`s value will lift in the contiguous future. If you`re shorting, you must have got a good ground to believe its value will drop. Some bargainers get into places for grounds that have got no logical basis. I`ve actually heard people state they bought pillory because they `wanted to see what the stock would do,` they `like` the company, they believe the stock is `due for a breakout,` or they believe that it would be `a merriment stock to own.`

`Wanting to see what a stock will do,` sounds a batch like gambling. Throw some money at it and see if you win or lose. There is no topographic point in online stock trading for a gaming mentality. As for `liking` A company, that`s a spot naive. The company doesn`t like you, and its management and board of directors don`t like you. They have got no thought that you even exist. Emotions should never be the footing for making a trade. It do no sense to `like` A company. Companies be to do money for their shareholders; your end is to place trades that you can do money from.

Finally, some bargainers purchase beaten-down banals that they believe are `due for a breakout.` There is no regulation that states that a company which have performed poorly in the past volition rebound. Companies travel out of business every twenty-four hours – nil states a company have to go back to profitableness or its stock terms have to rise. You should maintain this fact in mind.

If you always utilize sound logical thinking to pick pillory and have got a good ground for each trade, you will greatly increase your profits. And there are other benefits as well. For instance, you`ll be much less inclined to purchase a stock impulsively or to get into a drama on the footing of a `hot tip.` You should never do a trade unless you absolutely believe it will be a winner.

Some trades may look stronger than others, so set more than money into the strong 1s and less into the weaker ones, but never travel into a trade not knowing whether it will work. Why would you do a trade that you believe won`t work? You won`t always be right, but at least you`ll be following strong beliefs that are based on logic and reason, and will be able to analyse your trades if they travel against you. This volition allow you hone your technique and your apprehension of the market, to do every trade better.

And, because some trades won`t work out, always put Michigan on all trades. This volition maintain you from losing important sums of money on the trades that spell against you. You should always use sound money management rules when online stock trading. But, before you put your Michigan and take your position, cognize that you have got a sound ground for thought each trade will work.

Forex trading online is a fast manner to utilize your investment
capital to it's fullest. The Forex markets offer distinct
advantages to the small and large bargainers alike, making
Forex currency trading in many ways preferable to other
markets such as as stocks, options or traditional futures. Here
are seven grounds why you'll desire to look into Forex Trading
online.

1 - Forex is the largest market.

Forex trading volume of more than than than than 1.9 billion, more than 3
modern modern times larger than the equities market and more than 5 times
bigger than futures, give Forex bargainers nearly unlimited
liquidness and flexibility.

2 - Forex never sleeps!

You can carry forex trading online 24/7, from 7AM New
Seeland clip on Monday morning, to 5PM New House Of York clip on
Friday evening. No waiting for markets to open: they're open
all night! This do Forex trading online a very attractive
constituent that tantrums easily into your twenty-four hours (or night!)

3 - No Bulls or Bears!

Because Forex trading online affects the purchasing of one
currency while simultaneously selling another, you have got an
equal chance for net income no matter which direction the
currency is headed. Another advantage is that there are only
around 14 braces of currencies to trade, as opposing to many
thousands of stocks, options and futures.

4 - Forex Trading online offers great leverage!

You can do the most of your investing resources with
Forex trading online. Some brokers offer 200:1 border ratios
in your trading accounts. Mini-FX accounts, which can
typically be opened with lone $200-300, offer 0.5% margin,
meaning that $50 in trading capital can command a 10,000
unit of measurement currency position. This is why people are flocking to
Forex trading online as a manner to highly leverage their
investments.

5 - Forex terms are predictable.

Currency prices, though volatile, be given to make and follow
trends, allowing the technically trained Forex bargainer to
descry and take advantage of many entry and issue points.

6 - Forex trading online is committee free!

That's right! No commissions, no exchange fees or any other
concealed fees. This is a very transparent market, and you'll
happen it very easy to research the currencies and the
states involved. Forex brokers do a small percentage of
the bid/ask spread, and that's it. No longer any need to
calculate committees and fees when executing a trade.

7 - Forex trading online is instant!

The FX market is astoundingly fast! Your orders are
executed, filled and confirmed usually within 1-2 seconds. Since this is all done electronically with no humans
involved, there is small to slow it down!

Forex trading online can get you where you desire to go
quicker and more than profitably than any other word form of trading. Check it out and see what Forex trading online can make for
you!

A agency to survive, an avenue to come on and view to exchange thoughts, ideas and feelings… ‘Trading’ is perhaps as old as human being on earth. It all began when the primeval adult male began swapping small utile points with each other in order to dwell and carry through many of his needs. The clip that followed proverb a continuity and sweetening of this tradition. The current human race runs on trading. It is a agency to bring breadstuff and butter to many while for a large number of people trading business functions as toppings on a well-made cake. Trading therefore continues an unparalleled significance across the globe. This article will educate you about the assorted types and intends of twenty-four hours trading, cardinal terms and issues associated with it along with their benefits and shortcomings.

Types of Day Trading- depending on the clip time period for which the twenty-four hours bargainer reserves the pillory with him or under his custody, different types of trading are classified.

• Basic Day Trading- Day bargainer commences the twenty-four hours by collecting pillory maintains them for sometime and enterprises his best to sell all of them at the end of the day. His primary work represents the sale and purchase of stocks. These transactions enable him to bag good short-term net income and extenuate the hazard of sale of pillory in a perturbation owed to fluctuating price.

• Swing Day Trading- the twenty-four hours bargainer continues the pillory for relatively longer clip period of time such as as for few hours and few years to accrue large profits. But swing trading runs the hazard of unstable market terms of the stocks.

• Position Trading- arsenic the name suggests, the bargainer purchases the pillory and arrange the sales keeping in head the place or the market value of the stocks. This may imply keeping the pillory for few hebdomads and even months, but good tax returns usually follow.

• Online trading- tin be of any of the three aforesaid types but the sale and purchase of pillory is done via the Internet. Since this trading is through the medium of computer, an efficient computing machine with a 24-hour Internet connexion is an indispensable requirement.

Issues behind Second & P- When it come ups to twenty-four hours trading, it is establish that some peculiar pillory are good or good than others. Primarily there are three factors that regulate the sale and purchase of stocks-

1. Liquid of the stock- Liquid designates the amount of buyers and Sellers for the pillory concerned. Liquid of the stock is deemed to be directly relative to net income ensued by it. Greater the liquidness of the stocks, higher is the comfortableness in vending them. But the liquidness value is never stagnant. It too depends on certain factors such as number of share holders, outstanding shares, volume of transactions made and the number of market makers.

2. Volume- lends to the liquidness factor. It can be conveniently evaluated. For case a twenty-four hours trader’s stock should merchandise a minimum of 500000 shares each day.

3. Volatility- stand ups for the ups and down feathers the stock experiences everyday. If the volatility is less or negligible then the stock makes not experience any fluctuations and is thus rendered bad for twenty-four hours trading. It is believed that pillory that are considered good spell through at least a $2.00 fluctuation per twenty-four hours of normal trading.

4. Price Transparency- is the term coined for the market depth and the possible of the bargainer to get knowledge about the order of the stock.

General Tips for successful twenty-four hours trading

• Study the market carefully before legal proceeding with purchase of stocks. The market indexes displayed on telecasting and announced on radiocommunication are the best agency to cognize about the market tendency for the day.

• Do not be motivated by net income always. Every transaction may not translate into profits. Adopt a strategy and lodge to it. Don’t impudent your technique of working frequently.

• Be resolute and patient. If you are not able to incur self-generated gains, net income may happen eventually.

• Never forget that twenty-four hours trading is a risky business and where there are net income there are losings too.

I retrieve the first clip I started to merchandise online. It was just before the technical school bubble of the late 1990’s and the internet was still something new for most people. Buying the now forgotten company was easy, and I made a few dollars on that trade. It was so excitingly simple.

Flash forward a couple of old age and I have got made and lost my share of money. While still ahead of the game, I learned a few things about online stock trading. Freedom is great, but it come ups at a cost. Lets have got a expression at the benefits and the trade offs of online stock trading:

The Benefits of Online Stock Trading

Low committees – for most people, this is the number 1 benefit of investment online. For $9.99 or less, you can purchase and sell your favourite stock. Full service brokerage fees are usually over $100. If you are an active trader, that tin start to eat up your net income very quickly. For every $10 000 you invest, you have got to do 2% ($200 - $100 to purchase and $100 to sell) just to interrupt even.

Quickly move on terms moves – another great benefit of online stock trading is being able to quickly move on terms moves. With the chink of a couple of buttons, you are able to take advantage. With a full service brokerage, you’ll have got to name first, explicate what and why you desire to merchandise that stock and then wait to see what terms you were filled it. Likelihood are, you may have got got missed the best entry point, and paid 10x the committee for that privilege.

No center work force – No justifying why you desire to trade, no having to have person suggest that a stock might be too risky. You name the shots.

Information – at your fingertips online stock trading tin convey much needed and existent clip information that can aid you when to purchase and when to sell. Technical charts, existent clip terms and information sharing can be easily accessed online.

The Drawbacks of Online Stock Trading

No center work force – while I just listed this as a benefit, its also a drawback. The bulk of my losings were from pillory that did not ran into my investing program but were simple pillory that were being pumped and hyped up. Often, you stop up buying a stock that is moving higher, and end up having to sell at a loss. When you merchandise at a price reduction broker, there is no fillet you from making a mistake. With a full service brokerage, your financial contriver can assist filter out the bad dramas from the smart ones. This advice alone can more than do up for committee fees.

Investment Plans – online stock trading doesn’t automatically come up with an Investing Plan. Why are you buying a stock? What is your issue program if things don’t travel right? Volition you utilize margin? Volition you purchase penny pillory (and if so, what percentage of your portfolio will be at risk)? A full service broker can assist make an investing plan. Trading outside of your hazard tolerance is one of the biggest hazards your portfolio will face.

The best suggestion I can do for you is to look at a combination of both. Trade pillory online, but talking to an investing planner, develop an investing and trading program first. While you may have got to pay for his time, your trading program will assist you to avoid unneeded hazard when you on online stock trading.

Let's get this lesson with a definition of the term Virtual Millionaire. This is an expression, known to the CPAs, but unknown to the general public. Why? It's because the bank makes not desire you to know. Here is why...

Virtual Millionaire - An individual that have got zero debt and a inactive or near inactive income of at least 60,000 a year.

For example, if you had $2,000,000 in the bank earning 6% interest, you would have $120,000 of annual income. This income is known as passive voice income. It is called inactive because you weren't active Iodine the production of this income. In other words, you did not work to get it. Yes, you worked to salvage the $2,000,000, but the income from the $2,000,000 maintains coming in without work.

A individual with $2,000,000 in the bank could pass 6 calendar months traveling the human race and they would still do $120,000 each and every twelvemonth and still have got their $2,000,000 in the bank.

Before developing this further, there is one other critical point to make. Most folks have got nothing conceptions of millionaire and their lifestyles. If you were a retired multimillionaires with $2,000,000 in the bank and this money was your full life savings, would you pass your $120,000 annual income and ALSO pass portion of the $2,000,000?

If you are like most folks, you might have got got the construct that millionaires that pass money manus over first as if there no bounds to how much they could spend!

The individual with the $2,000,000 in the bank cognizes that if they pass more than than their $120,000 income, adjacent twelvemonth they won't have $2,000,000 to bring forth an income for future years. It will be less. Guess what? If they don't have got got $2,000,000 to bring forth income, then they will no longer have the $120,000 in income, unless the interest rate travels up.

For some time, I tried to get my head around this piece conception of wealthiness as it associate to quality of life. I have got determined, without question, that it isn't having an immerse amount of money to throw away that supplies a high quality of life. It is known that you would always have got a very good income and that you could virtually anything you would ever desire to make with your clip and your life that bring forths the very highest quality of life (This doesn't take into account Negro spiritual or wellness issues.

My friends, that is true wealth, or as a mentioned in the introduction, this is Financial Wellness. In my former experience with my affluent clients, I didn't appreciate the fact that multimillionaires, for the most part, don't pass all that much money in a year. Their FREEDOM come up and travel almost at volition have a near- charming impact on quality of life. That's really living Well.

Based on my observations and experiences of working with the wealthy, I made a determination to concentrate my business in a different direction. I make up one's mind that I would prosecute the creative activity of passive. INCOME, not the Creation of wealthiness or Assets.

You see, if you can bring forth $60,000 in a twelvemonth in dependable passive voice income, this would be the equivalent of having $1,000,000 in the bank at 6%.

I determined that it would be much easier to make the lifestyle of a millionaire by focusing on creating income. So, I have got done my best to go an expert in this very different manner of thought about the financial independence.

There are four ways to accomplish financial independence. There is the traditional way, which is to work and salvage in a attempt to collect assets that volition 1 twenty-four hours take care of your income needs. Some come into it from person else. A smattering will win the lottery. And, finally the Virtual millionaire or income approach.

I desire to suggest to you that the Virtual millionaire attack is not only far easier, but much more than enjoyable in the process.

Consider this for a moment. If you are going to remain in the traditional manner of thought about financial independence, acknowledge that as folks work and save, they far too frequently strip themselves of enjoying their life NOW.

I have got got seen folks so haunted with economy money for some hereafter unknown region usage that they go slaves to the hereafter and have virtually no life, here and now. However the huge bulk of people can't save. They travel deeply in debt and the high cost of interest do it almost impossible for them to delve out of debt in order to finally get a nest egg and investing program.

I desire to suggest that for many of you it is far better to engage yourself and put in your ain company instead of purchasing stock in person else's company. Instead of trying save and put to turn assets that you can some twenty-four hours unrecorded off, construct your ain business to bring forth an income that you can dwell off now and later.

My contention is that it is far easier to go a practical millionaire than it is to accomplish financial independency the traditional way. When you do a serious effort, you can accomplish the extremely fast. By fast Iodine mean value a few years.

The practical millionaire advantages are many. At the end of one twelvemonth you won't need any encouragement to continue. You will be so excited that you will be unstoppable.

In summary, I desire to encourage you to concentrate on becoming a practical millionaire. It is far easier to bring forth the income of a millionaire than it is to make the assets of a millionaire. Remember… millionaires DON'T pass their assets, they pass their income. It is the income that supplies that quality of life.

I desire you to believe what your life would be like if you were totally debt free and you have got at least $60,000 a twelvemonth coming in twelvemonth after year. You would be amazed at how much more than joyousness you would have got in your life.

The exciting thing is that there is nil to halt you from working as hard as you take to continually turn your income. With my approach, you still get to enjoy your life NOW while also preparing for early retirement.

Just for the record, if you develop your ain business to the point that it is providing with a dependable $60,000 annual income then YOU ARE ALSO AN asset MILLIONAIRE.

The ground that is true is that, in the human race of accounting, you don't just put values on things; you also put value on watercourse of dollars.

This is exactly what rentes are all about. Every twenty-four hours billions of dollars are given to rente companies in exchange for an income for life. These people purposely salvage their nest egg for an income the they can't outlive.

The practical millionaire attack topographic points all the accent on creating a Business Annuity. Let your business green goods the income watercourse you will need for debt elimination and for early retirement. When you make you will fall in the ranks of those who have got achieved true financial wellness.

Do you know what Forex trading is? Some people have heard of this type of trading, others have not. If you haven’t, it might be something you are interested in trying. Forex trading stands for foreign exchange trading. What it consists of is the buying and selling of different currencies. This is done simultaneously, and there are people who make a lot of money with this kind of trading. This is apparent by the 1.9 million dollar turnover in this market that happens every day. Also a lot of it is done online. Online Forex trading is very popular.

The most common currencies to trade are the Euro and the U.S. dollar, and the U.S. dollar and the Japanese Yen. However, nearly all of the Forex trading done involves the major currencies of the world. These include the Euro, Japanese Yen, U.S. dollar, Canadian dollar, British Pound, Australian dollar, and the Swiss franc. The Forex exchange is different from other exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange, in that it does not have a physical location or central exchange. The exchange day begins in Sydney, then moves to Tokyo, on to London, and finally ends in New York. Each country takes the responsibility of regulating the Forex exchange activities in their own country. So there is no overall regulatory agency. However, this does not seem to be a problem and most countries do very well at overseeing Forex exchange activities.

There are a lot of things that influence the Forex rate. For instance, economic things, like interest rates and inflation, and also political things, such as political unrest in other countries and major changes in government cause up and down changes in the Forex rate. However, these things tend to be short-term, and don’t affect it for long.

Online Forex trading sites are easy to find by surfing the Internet. Most of them provide a wealth of information for the first time trader. You can find out about the history of Forex trading, how to co it, tips on being successful, etc. You can also start trading with as little as $250 in your account on some sites. For anyone who is interested in currency or trading, it is something you should check out.

As with any type of trading, there are no guarantees that you will make money or that you won’t make money. It is a smart choice to learn as much as you can about online Forex trading before investing any money and doing any trading. It is a fact that informed investors do better than those who don’t know much about what they are trading. So get the fact before you dive in. You might just make a little money in a very interesting currency exchange.

If you're looking for the best online loans, it doesn't ache to make a small research so that you'll cognize exactly what kind of things that online lenders are going to be looking for when you apply for a loan.

It's obvious that the best online loans won't simply fall into your lap; in order to get the best interest rates and most congenial loan terms, you're going to have got got to be unfastened to using high-valued collateral and accepting the repayment terms that different lenders have available.

If you take the clip to see your options and take a lender based upon those considerations, it's entirely possible that you'll stop up with one of the best online loans that you can get.

Collateral

Most likely, the best online loans are going to be secured loans… after all, the usage of collateral as a warrant for repayment of the loan allows the lender to offer interest rates and loan terms that they wouldn't be able to offer with an unsecured loan.

Since the lender is using the internet to offer their services online, however, it's unlikely that multiple word forms of collateral will be accepted.

For some of the best online loans, the point that they are used to finance can function as collateral… this is true of online mortgage companies as well as online auto lenders.

Many other online lenders don't offer loans to cover high-value purchases, though; their loans travel more than toward debt consolidation. For these lenders, high-value home equity is a good pick of collateral since it is more than intangible assets than physical places such as as as automobiles and is easy to analyse and transfer ownership of.

Repayment Options

As with any loan, the best online loans will have got got to have repayment options available that are acceptable to both the borrower and the lender.

Many online lenders offer direct backdowns from personal bank accounts, to offer an easy method of payment that doesn't affect authorship and mailing cheques.

Other options such as wire transfer and online payment may also be available, in improver to having physical payment computer addresses for the borrower to make usage of.

Paperwork

While the best online loans can be applied for over an internet connection, there is always some amount of paperwork that must be completed.

To do things easier for both the borrower and the lender, the best online loans do as much of the paperwork via computing machines as possible… it may still be necessary for some word forms to be printed out, filled out, and sent in sometimes along with identifying paperwork.

Often this paperwork can be sent in via facsimile machine, though some online lenders may necessitate that hard transcripts of the written document be mailed in.

You may freely reissue this article provided the following author's life (including the unrecorded uniform resource locator link) stays intact:

About The Author

The internet is a great topographic point to happen the right lender for obtaining a loan. One can apply online by filling out a simple application and submitting it with just a few chinks of the mouse. Online loans, also known as e-loans, are just one more than manner to do your search for money to finance your purchase easy and convenient.

Online loans offer the following advantages:

1) The top advantage of online loans is that you can apply for it from almost anywhere as long as you have got got a computing machine or a laptop.

2) Online loan application word forms are generally simple in their construction and are user friendly.

3) They are secure, have a no duty characteristic and are free of charge.

4) Online loan applications are highly confidential. Internet hackers cannot simply come in a website and steal your personal information. Most lenders have got extended privateness policies and travel the extra mile to protect your privacy.

5) Most websites supply loan calculators which assists the borrower to determine the amount of loan he or she would be eligible for and the repayment amount. The borrower can apply different criteria to determine suitability.

6) The borrower can compare a merchandise offered by different lenders to determine which lender is most competitive.

Matters to be considered while applying for online loans:

1) Your credit evaluation have a very important bearing on your ability to borrow and the interest rate. It is always prudent to check your credit score before applying. A high credit score will ensue in a more than advantageous interest rate. A low credit score can supply you with a loan, however, the interest rate will be much higher as you present a greater credit hazard to the lender.

2) Comparison shopping should be resorted to in order to happen the right lender.

3) Obtaining a pre-approval on your loan application for large ticket purchases, such as as a home or a car, would set you on a strong terms while negotiating with the seller. A pre-approved application have the following advantages: the approval is granted for a specific clip time period during which the interest rate at the time of the application makes not change even if the market rates fluctuate during the period, the amount available for the purchase and the repayment amounts are known even before you get the purchasing process.

Online loan process:

The online loans procedure plant in the following manner:

1) The first measure is to fill up out the online application form.

2) The lender reappraisals your creditworthiness and assesses your financial network worth.

3) Based upon the review, the application is either approved or denied.

4) Hard transcript of loan contract is sent to the borrower.

5) Documentary grounds maybe called for to back up claims made on the application form.

Market participants in the online loans market:

1) Loan brokers: These are agents representing respective lenders. They make not impart money.

2) Direct lenders: They offer you loans directly. These are financial establishments that impart you the money.

This article may be freely distributed providing no changes are made to the textual matter and the golf course stays intact.

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